Electrostatic interactions, outer sphere complexation and pore filling are the main mechanisms suggested for binding of Cr(VI) with functional groups of nWTRs. The nWTRs efficiency of Cr (VI) removal from wastewater using batch and column techniques were 98.12 and 96.86% respectively. High immobilization capability of nWTRs for sorbed Cr (VI) is evident as most of adsorbed Cr (VI) was associated with the residual fraction. ![]() The sorption kinetics data of Cr (VI) were perfectly fitted to the model of second-order kinetics. The estimated maximum sorption capacity (q max) of nWTRs and bWTRs was found to be 40.65 mg g −1 and 2.78 mg g −1 respectively. Langmuir model showed high predictive capability for describing Cr (VI) sorption equilibrium data. The nWTRs adsorbent exhibits very rapid adsorption potential (92%) for Cr (VI) within the first 15 min. ![]() ![]() The adsorption capabilities of nWTRs for Cr(VI) under different experimental conditions of adsorbent dosage, time, Cr (VI) concentration, solution pH, and competitive ions were investigated. The mineralogical and morphological characterization and compositions of the bulk and nano- adsorbents were performed. Therefore, in this study, an inexpensive and eco-friendly nano-adsorbent was produced from the waste of drinking water industry for effective elimination of Cr (VI) from wastewater. Nowadays, the existence of metal ions in the environment like chromium (VI) is of significant worry because of its high toxicity to many life forms.
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